1st April 2022

A 64-year-old male with uncontrollable hypertension presents to his GP with acute breathlessness

A 64-year-old male with uncontrollable hypertension presents to his GP with acute breathlessness and bilateral ankle swelling. A chest x-ray reveals the cause of this breathlessness to be pulmonary oedema. The GP organises some baseline blood tests to rule out several differential diagnoses, with the suspected diagnosis being renal artery stenosis. What is the most sensitive, gold-standard test for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis?

Select ONE option only.