26th June 2023

Biochemical composition of renal calculi

Calcium oxalate stones – most common and most opaque. Oxalate from food is found in urine, and it forms a salt with calcium that precipitates out of solution very easily, thus even mild dehydration can predispose the individual with high urine oxalate levels to develop renal stones.
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid – radiolucent
Struvite stones – magnesium ammonium phosphate, typically in patients with multiple UTIs
Cysteine – often in a patient with the rare genetic disorder cystinuria

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