17th August 2023

A 55-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of vaginal dryness, itching, and discomfort during sexual intercourse

A 55-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of vaginal dryness, itching, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. She is otherwise healthy, and her last menstrual period was 2 years ago. She wishes to start treatment for her symptoms but is worried about the potential side effects of the medication.

Which of the following is a side effect of topical oestrogen therapy?