26th January 2024

A 62-year-old Caucasian female presents to A&E after sustaining a fracture of her proximal femur following a low-impact fall.

A 62-year-old Caucasian female presents to A&E after sustaining a fracture of her proximal femur following a low-impact fall. She was diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica less than a year ago and was therefore commenced on high-dose oral corticosteroids. She has a past medical history of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease stage 3, hypertension and asthma. She has a BMI of 32 kg/m2.

Which of this patient’s risk factors for developing a fragility fracture are independent of bone mineral density?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.