15th July 2024

Prostate malignancy

Whilst prostate cancer is perceived to be something men die with rather than of, it remains a common cause of cancer death in the UK. Most are adenocarcinomas arising from the prostatic urethral urothelium. Local invasion results in spread to the bladder, neck and ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles.  Patients may present with no symptoms at all but a positive prostate specific antigen (PSA), or may have symptoms of localised disease such as urinary hesitancy, frequency and urgency. Localised disease has a good prognosis, with 10-year survival >90%. Treatment options include surgery in the form of prostatectomy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy, hormone-based therapy or watchful waiting. Questions on benign prostatic hyperplasia may also fall under this category.