6th August 2024

Overview of infective and inflammatory causes

Infective and inflammatory processes within the CNS are notable causes of alteration in consciousness level or seizures and may be accompanied by other symptoms, including fever, headache, focal neurology and behavioural change.

The majorly encountered causes, both in clinical practice and MRCP exams, include the following:

Infective	Inflammatory (and other)
Meningitis and encephalitis	Autoimmune encephalitis (including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis)
Abscess of brain or surrounding tissue	Paraneoplastic encephalitis
Cerebral toxoplasmosis	Cerebral vasculitis
Cerebral malaria	Neurosarcoidosis
	Drug-induced meningitis
	Metastatic spread
	Space-occupying lesions

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