18th February 2025

Other causes of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) – pulmonary oedema and hypoxia within 6 hours of a blood transfusion. It can be associated with fever and usually causes hypotension compared to transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), with which there is often hypertension. Troponin and NT-pro-BNP are not usually raised, but the latter may be.
Re-expansion pulmonary oedema – occurs after rapid expansion of a collapsed lung, e.g. after large volume pleural tap or drainage (greater than 1-1.5 L) with acute shortness of breath usually occurring within hours. It is self-limiting and usually requires only supportive management.
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema – may be precipitated by epileptic seizures, traumatic brain injury or intracranial haemorrhage. Symptom onset is usually within minutes to hours and resolves after 48-72 h.
Post-obstructive (e.g. after upper airway obstruction due to foreign object or hanging) pulmonary oedema – occurs due to increasing negative intrathoracic pressure whilst trying to inspire despite upper airway obstruction, which substantially increases venous return and may cause vascular damage
Salicylate toxicity and opioid overdose
Hypoalbuminemia is not a cause of pulmonary oedema but carries a worse prognosis when present

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