20th February 2025

Silicosis

Overview and diagnosis of silicosis

Resulting from inhalation of silica particles, often used in industries such as stone masonry and ceramics, silicosis is a heavily fibrosing pneumoconiosis which often develops many years after exposure. There are various subtypes with different chronicities.

Symptoms include dry cough and shortness of breath.

There is an increased incidence of active TB in people with silicosis; this is described as silicotuberculosis. Symptoms such as haemoptysis or fever should prompt further investigation for TB.

Management of silicosis

There is no effective pharmacological treatment for silicosis. Smoking cessation should be advised due to increased risk of lung cancer, as silica itself is carcinogenic. Bronchodilators can help if there is an element of obstruction.

In severe cases, lung transplant can be considered.

See note on nintedanib – this has now been approved as a treatment option for chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.