Investigations in sarcoidosis
Blood tests can reveal hypercalcaemia or elevated serum ACE. ACE is produced by granulomas, so can be used to monitor disease activity as a marker of granuloma burden.
Chest X-ray may show bi-hilar lymphadenopathy or pulmonary fibrosis. Findings are generally graded by the Scadding stages:
| Stage I | Bi-hilar lymphadenopathy |
| Stage II | Bi-hilar lymphadenopathy with parenchymal disease |
| Stage III | Parenchymal disease alone without lymphadenopathy |
| Stage IV | Pulmonary fibrosis |
Table 6 Scadding staging system for sarcoidosis
Sarcoid can mimic many other diseases, including TB and malignancies, so tissue diagnosis is generally required. This can be obtained from the most easily accessible lesion, often using techniques such as EBUS.
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