26th February 2025

A 77-year-old female is referred urgently to rheumatology clinic from her general practitioner.

A 77-year-old female is referred urgently to rheumatology clinic from her general practitioner. She has complete loss of vision in her left eye, which came on suddenly. On questioning, she tells you she has had headaches over the last few weeks, which she has not had before, and she has had some cramping in her left jaw when eating.

Doppler ultrasound of the temporal artery reveals the halo sign.

She is diagnosed with giant cell arteritis and pulsed with 1000 mg IV methylprednisolone.

What is the most common ocular manifestation of GCA?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.