10th May 2025

Syncope

Syncope is defined as transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous complete recovery.

Table 1: Classification of Syncope

Reflex (neurally mediated) syncope
Vasovagal Situational: cough, sneeze, micturition, gastro-intestinal stimulation (swallow, defaecation), post-exercise Carotid sinus syndrome
Orthostatic hypotension
Drug induced Volume depletion (hemorrhage, diarrhoea and vomiting) Autonomic failure (Parkinson’s disease, Diabetes, Multiple systemic atrophy)
Cardiac syncope
Arrhythmia: Bradycardia Sinus node disease Atrioventricular conduction system disease Tachycardia Supraventricular Ventricular Structural cardiac condition: e.g. aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial myxoma Cardiopulmonary and great vessels: pulmonary embolus, aortic dissection, pulmonary hypertension

Table 1: Syncope

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