10th May 2025

Classification

Congenital:
- Autosomal recessive: Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (associated with deafness)
- Autosomal dominant: Also known as Romano Ward Syndrome (has 3 main phenotypes: LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3)
Acquired: Caused by drugs or electrolyte imbalance

Drugs
Disopyramide, flecainide and other class Ia, Ic anti-arrhythmic drugs Sotalol, amiodarone and other class III anti-arrhtyhmic drugs Amitriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants Chlorpromazine and other phenothiazines Erythromycin and other macrolides Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
Electrolyte disturbance
Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Hypocalcemia

Table 3: Acquired causes of LQTS

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