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23rd May 2025

Thyrotoxicosis

As mentioned above, thyrotoxicosis is the description of the hypermetabolic state caused by increased levels of circulating thyroid hormones. This can occur as a result of hyperthyroidism (i.e. over-activity of the thyroid gland), or due to other causes, detailed below:
Associated with hyperthyroidism Excessive thyroid stimulation:

  • Grave’s disease
  • Hashitoxicosis
  • Pituitary thyrotroph adenoma
  • Trophoblastic tumours (hCG producing)
Endogenous thyroid-hormone secretion:

  • Toxic solitary nodules
  • Toxic multinodular goitre
  • Thyroid cancer (rare cause)
Other causes Thyroiditis (see section below):

  • Post-partum
  • Infective
  • Sub-acute
  • Drug-induced
Exogenous thyroid hormone excess:

  • Excess thyroid hormone replacement
  • Thyrotoxicosis facticia
Ectopic thyroid tissue:

  • Metastatic thyroid cancer
  • Struma ovarii

Table 1: Causes of thyrotoxicosis

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