5th June 2025

A 52-year-old female patient presents with non-scarring alopecia as well as facial lesions consisting of scaly plaques that scar.

A 52-year-old female patient presents with non-scarring alopecia as well as facial lesions consisting of scaly plaques that scar. On examination, you note involvement of the external auditory canal. Bloods show mildly deranged kidney function tests. Investigations are sent and she is diagnosed with SLE. 

What positive investigation is required in order to diagnose SLE?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.