3rd June 2026

Epidemiology

Risk factors (For non-traumatic dissection) 

• Hypertension (present in 70% of all cases) – causes weakening of the tunica media 
• Atherosclerosis 
• Aortic aneurysm 
• Substance use (leading to a sudden increase in blood pressure) – e.g: cocaine use, ecstasy use, energy drinks
• Pain or emotional stress (leading to a sudden increase in blood pressure) 
• Giant cell arteritis (GCA) 
• Genetic conditions including: Marfan syndrome (estimated to be in 50% of cases where patients are under 40), Ehlers- Danlos syndrome, Turner syndrome, Bicuspid aortic valve, and coarctation of the aorta
• Atherosclerotic aneurysmal disease 
• Family history of aortic disease 
• Pregnancy and delivery of the baby.
• Aortic surgery – e.g: CABG, valve replacements (mitral or aortic), stent or catheter insertion
• Male sex
• Age of 50-70 years old