20th June 2026

Clinical features

A patient with hypertensive emergency may present with no symptoms and may incidentally find a very high blood pressure. Patients, however, may present with a variety of symptoms seen in the table below.

	Symptoms	Signs
Neurological	Headache, dizziness, blurry vision, weakness	Abnormal cognition, motor function, sensation, gait, cranial nerve function
Cardiac	Chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, leg swelling	Murmur, peripheral oedema, S3, raised JVP
Renal	Change in urine output
Fundoscopy		Retinal haemorrhages, exudates, papilledema

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