6th March 2024

Diagnosis

Exercise testing is useful in revealing the characteristic bidirectional VT. Genetic testing can also be used, the genes affected are involved in intracellular calcium handling including the ryanodine receptor (RYR2) and calsequestrin receptor (CASQ2). Treatment is with beta-blockers to prevent syncopal episodes and consideration of ICD in high-risk individuals or those with refractory symptoms.