29th December 2023

Thyroid eye disease

The position of the lid must be observed when diagnosing thyroid eye disease. Pathological signs include lid lag, where the upper lid lags behind the limbus when the patient rapidly diverts their eye from superior to inferior gaze, and lid retraction, where the sclera is visible above and below the iris. Thyroid eye disease causes enlargement of the extraocular muscles, which restricts their movement and causes diplopia.