31st January 2024

Background

Opioids are classed as substances derived from the opium poppy and a range of synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds that primarily act on the μ opioid receptor. Examples include heroin, morphine and codeine. They all have analgesic effects and suppress respiration, which in some cases can be beneficial, e.g., use of Oramorph to treat shortness of breath as part of palliative symptom management. However, they are one of the most widely abused substances worldwide and have a dangerous side effect profile. Management of overdose, intoxication and withdrawal can be challenging and requires an MDT approach.