29th January 2024

Background

Epidemiology 

Behçet’s syndrome is most common along the ancient silk trading routes from the Far East to the Mediterranean and has the highest prevalence in Turkey and surrounding regions. It is very rare in the UK but may occur in people of any nationality and race. Men and women are affected equally. It may occur at any age but is diagnosed most commonly in adults between the age of 20-30.  

Aetiology 

Genetic links with HLA B-51 (which plays a role in immunity) have been associated with the disease. Environmental triggers such as herpes virus, bacterial infections, and smoking have been identified to contribute to the condition. 

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of Behçet’s disease is still largely unknown. However, interleukin-driven T-cell responses, along with other inflammatory pathways and mediators, correlate with disease activity.