19th January 2024

A 23-year-old male presents to A&E with a 3-month history of lower back pain and stiffness, which is worse in the morning and often wakes him up from sleep.

A 23-year-old male presents to A&E with a 3-month history of lower back pain and stiffness, which is worse in the morning and often wakes him up from sleep. He has no other complaints and denies weight loss or night sweats. He is currently studying psychology at university. On examination, he is noted to have reduced spinal flexion.

Given the likely diagnosis, which cardiac complication is most commonly associated with his condition? 

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.