26th January 2024

A 48-year-old Afro-Caribbean female presented to the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic complaining of fatigue and joint pains.

A 48-year-old Afro-Caribbean female presented to the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic complaining of fatigue and joint pains. She has previously been diagnosed with an autoimmune condition associated with a rash; however, she has not had any follow-up for some time. On examination, she is noted to have joint deformities, and X-rays of the hands show symmetrical, non-erosive changes in the PIPs and mild soft tissue swelling. 

What is the most likely cause of this presentation?

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