6th March 2024

A 59 year old teacher attends her GP practice with dysuria and is diagnosed with her third urinary tract infection within the past six months.

A 59 year old teacher attends her GP practice with dysuria and is diagnosed with her third urinary tract infection within the past six months. Her past medical history is significant for T2DM, low mood, hypertension and fatty liver. Seven months ago, she developed feet and ankle swelling with worsening shortness of breath on exertion and was diagnosed with heart failure. Her echocardiogram at that time reported an ejection fraction of 40%. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her recurrent urinary tract infections?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.