3rd April 2024

A 60 year old male teacher with diabetes mellitus and hypertension attends the outpatient clinic complaining of difficulty breathing while walking about 30 yards across the parking lot.

A 60 year old male teacher with diabetes mellitus and hypertension attends the outpatient clinic complaining of difficulty breathing while walking about 30 yards across the parking lot. He also reports that he has required up to 3 to 4 pillows to sleep at night. Physical examination reveals bibasilar crackles, pitting oedema (3+) of lower extremities and some pressure sensation in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology involved in the production of the changes found in his lungs?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.