26th June 2023

A 62-year-old male is referred to the renal clinic by the GP due to gradually worsening renal function with an increased creatinine

A 62-year-old male is referred to the renal clinic by the GP due to gradually worsening renal function with an increased creatinine and urea and signs and symptoms of anaemia. He has been awaiting a total knee replacement but unfortunately this was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He has been managing his pain with ibuprofen and paracetamol and has admitted to the GP that he has occasionally exceeded his daily dose.

What is the most likely cause of the anaemia?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.