25th June 2023

A mother with epilepsy is 25 weeks pregnant with her first child. She has been referred for an antenatal appointment

A mother with epilepsy is 25 weeks pregnant with her first child. She has been referred for an antenatal appointment with the obstetric consultant for a scan, as the symphysis fundal height is below the 10th centile. It is found on the scan that the estimated foetal weight is below the 10th centile, so the consultant refers her for a uterine artery doppler. All the information from the scans will be discussed at a later antenatal appointment to inform the birth plan.

Which of the following options is most associated with the development of this clinical issue?