27th July 2023

An 87 year old woman with a background of COPD and hypertension sees you in the geriatrics outpatient clinic

An 87 year old woman with a background of COPD and hypertension sees you in the geriatrics outpatient clinic complaining of worsening incontinence for the last 2 months. These episodes mainly come on when she is coughing. She also states that her ring pessary that was inserted 4 months ago fell out around the same time her symptoms started.

Given the most likely type of incontinence, what is this due to?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.