29th April 2024

Risk factors

Early menopause
Low testosterone in men (i.e. hypogonadism or anti-androgen treatment for prostate cancer)
Prolonged steroid use (i.e. >5mg/day of prednisolone)
Alcohol or tobacco use
Endocrine diseases (i.e. hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalciuria & type 1 diabetes)
Erosive/ inflammatory bone disease (i.e. multiple myeloma or rheumatoid arthritis)
Dietary (i.e. reduced calcium intake or malabsorptive conditions
Sedentary lifestyle
Low BMI (< 18.5)
Renal or liver failure

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