27th February 2025

Other causes of osteosclerosis

Sclerotic metastases may arise from a number of primaries, particularly of the prostate and breast. Myeloma, too, has an uncommon osteosclerosing subtype affecting bones in a focal or diffuse manner, while osteosclerosis in myelofibrosis, where present, sees changes restricted to medullary cavities. Though predominantly associated with diffuse osteopenia, cases of osteosclerosis in hyperparathyroid patients have been recorded. Sickle cell crises affecting bone also result in osteosclerosis. Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis has been reported in patients with prior infection, severe diffuse bone pain and high levels of ALP. Where exposure via poisoned water wells or industrial sources is a possibility, fluorosis should be considered in patients with soft tissue calcification, osteosclerosis and skeletal abnormalities, such as ankylosis, kyphosis and osteosclerosis.