6th May 2025

Bioprosthetic valves

Bioprosthetic valves are typically made of bovine or porcine pericardium. Their lifespan typically sits in the range of between 10-20 years, with certain factors such as hypertension, hyperparathyroidism, end stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus reducing durability and valve lifespan. Unlike mechanical valve replacement there is a lack of clear evidence on the need for anticoagulation. European guidelines suggest that in the absence of other reasons for anticoagulation, either aspirin or a VKA can be considered for the first 3 months after a biological prosthesis is inserted in the aortic position, while VKA should be considered for the first three months for those with a biological prosthesis in the mitral or tricuspid positions. 

Complications are as above for mechanical prosthesis, though thrombosis is less commonly encountered. They remain a nidus for infection given the prosthetic material and lack of good blood flow to the valves.