6th May 2025

A 92-year-old man attends the cardiology clinic with persistent shortness of breath on exertion (SOBOE) and bilateral peripheral oedema.

A 92-year-old man attends the cardiology clinic with persistent shortness of breath on exertion (SOBOE) and bilateral peripheral oedema. The SOBOE is significantly limiting his activities of daily living and he is unable to walk from the living room to the toilet without pausing for breath.

An echocardiogram shows an LVEF of 43%. Which of the following best describes the classification of this heart failure?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.