16th May 2025

Mr Whitmore is an 85-year-old gentleman who is currently being treated in hospital for digoxin toxicity.

Mr Whitmore is an 85-year-old gentleman who is currently being treated in hospital for digoxin toxicity. He was recently seen by cardiology as an outpatient for management of his heart failure for which they started several new medications. His current drug history is as follows:

• Aspirin 75mg OD
• Atorvastatin 40mg ON
• Bisoprolol 2.5mg OD
• Bumetanide 1mg BD
• Dapagliflozin 10mg OD
• Esomeprazole 20mg OD
• Metformin 500mg BD
• Ramipril 2.5mg OD

Which of the following medications will have most likely contributed to digoxin toxicity?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.