20th February 2025

You are seeing a patient with sickle cell disease in the general respiratory clinic who has been referred with chronic worsening dyspnoea.

You are seeing a patient with sickle cell disease in the general respiratory clinic who has been referred with chronic worsening dyspnoea. He has had multiple admissions into hospital with episodes of vaso-occlusive crises and acute chest syndromes previously. Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to warrant consideration as a cause for this patient’s chronic dyspnoea?

Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below. Select ONE option only.