4th September 2020

A 23-year-old male presents to the urgent care centre with a 6-hour history of gradually worsening pain in his right scrotum

A 23-year-old male presents to the urgent care centre with a 6-hour history of gradually worsening pain in his right scrotum. On examination, the testicle is erythematous, swollen, and tender. It is difficult to assess if the testicle has a normal position due to the swelling. The cremasteric reflex is present and tubular mass is felt on palpation. The GP strongly suspects epididymo-orchitis; however, given the acute nature of the presentation, he sends the patient to A&E for a grey-scale and colour doppler ultrasound investigations to ensure testicular torsion is not present. 

On ultrasound and colour doppler what findings would be suggestive of testicular torsion and not epididymo-orchitis?

Which THREE of the following are correct? Select THREE options only.