9th June 2021

A 67-year-old woman presents to A&E with lower back pain, radiating into her right buttock

A 67-year-old woman presents to A&E with lower back pain, radiating into her right buttock. On examination, she has reduced perianal sensation to pinprick touch, a loss of anal tone, and absent ankle reflexes bilaterally. She also reports having lost control of her bowels three times over the past day, with no prior warning. Her past medical history includes hypertension, osteoarthritis, and gallstones.

Which THREE of the following features are red flag features indicative of the most likely diagnosis?  Select THREE options only.