A 74-year-old male has been suffering from painless frank haematuria for two months
A 74-year-old male has been suffering from painless frank haematuria for two months. He presents to his GP, who refers him to the urology team for an urgent investigation into possible transitional cell carcinoma.
Which THREE of the following risk factors are most associated with the development of transitional cell carcinoma? Select THREE options only.
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